At the List Universe we love to dispel myths – so here we are, yet again, presenting another list of common myths that need to be debunked and forgotten once and for all. This time we look at medical myths – of which there are thousands. This is a selection of the ten most common, but do feel free to add your own to the comments.
The Myth: Sugar makes kids hyperactive
Dr. Vreeman and Dr. Carroll, both pediatricians at the Riley Hospital for Children recently said: “in at least 12 double-blinded, randomized, controlled trials, scientists have examined how children react to diets containing different levels of sugar. None of these studies, not even studies looking specifically at children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, could detect any differences in behavior between the children who had sugar and those who did not.” This includes artificial and natural sources of sugar. Interestingly, in the study, parents who were told their children had been given sugar when they hadn’t, noted that the child was more hyperactive. So it seems it is all in the parent’s mind.
The Myth: You lose most of your body heat through your head
A military study many years ago tested the loss of temperature in soldiers when exposed to very cold temperatures. They found rapid heat loss in the head – and so the idea that we lose heat through our heads was born. But what they didn’t tell you was that the soldiers were fully clothed except for their heads. This obviously skews the statistics considerably. The fact is, completely naked, you lose approximately 10% of your body heat through the head – the other 90% is lost via the other parts of your body.
The Myth: You should drink at least eight glasses of water a day
The origins of this myth is most likely the fact that a 1945 government agency said that the human body needed around 8 glasses of fluid a day. This included the fluid from all of the foods we eat and drinks like tea and coffee. Somehow over time “fluid” turned to “water” and the modern water myth arose. This also lead to silly slogans like “if you are thirsty it is too late” – a concept that would seem to have been invented by water bottlers who have something to gain from excess water consumption in the population in general. So, in reality, if you are thirsty, drink some water. If you are not, don’t.
The Myth: Chewing gum takes seven years to pass through your system
I am sure we have all been told at least once in our life by a concerned adult, not to swallow gum as it will take seven years to leave our bodies. This is right up there with the whole “fruit seed growing a tree in your stomach” silliness, but while most adults realize the tree story is a myth, they don’t realize that the gum one is too. It is true that gum is not digestible in the human body, but it simply passes whole through your system. It doesn’t stick to your insides, it just continues along with any food you have eaten and pops out the other end. This myth may have partly arisen from the fact that swallowing gum was once viewed as lower class and ignorant.
The Myth: Cracking your knuckles will cause arthritis in later life
The cracking sound in the knuckles is caused by the bones moving apart and forming a gas bubble – the sound is the bubble bursting. It is quite common to hear someone warning a knuckle-cracker that they will get arthritis, but the worst that can happen to a compulsive-cracker is that their finger joints may weaken over time. Arthritis is caused by a variety of things (such as crystal formations in the case of gout) – but knuckle cracking isn’t one of them.
The Myth: Teething causes a fever
Scientific studies have been done in the area of teething which show no correlation at all between fever and teething. If your baby is suffering from a new tooth and they also have a fever, it is advisable to check for other causes of the fever. The same is true of diarrhea which is also often blamed on teething in infants. It is always better to be safe than sorry when dealing with the health of children.
The Myth: Cancer treatment is painful and pointless – furthermore, it is incurable
While this may have been almost true thirty years ago, medical advances have meant that modern cancer treatments are far more effective and cause less suffering for the patient. A few decades ago, 90% of children with leukemia died; today 80% survive. Many people think cancer is incurable as there isn’t a “one drug fixes all” cure, but there are many people who are completely cured of cancer. Various drugs exist to treat different types of cancer, and many of them are extremely effective and well worth trying if you do get the disease.
The Myth: Back pain should be treated with bed rest
The opposite is actually true in this case. Bed rest can prevent the lower back from fully recovering – or at the very least, delay the recovery significantly. Patients who continue to engage in ordinary activities recover faster and usually have fewer problems with recurring pain and other back troubles. Interestingly, many studies have shown that this is not just true of back problems, but also many other medical problems. Thirty-nine independent studies found bed rest to be more harmful than good in a broad range of illnesses.
The Myth: Eating turkey makes you sleepy because it contains tryptophan
This is one of the most common myths on this list – and it pops up every year around Thanksgiving. But actually, chicken and ground beef contain almost identical quantities of tryptophan as turkey does. Other foods such as cheese and pork contain significantly more of the chemical than turkey. So why do people think turkey makes them sleepy? It is most likely due to turkey appearing at very large meals often eaten during the day rather than the evening. The heavy meal slows blood flow which can cause drowsiness, and the timing can have a huge psychological impact: in other words, you are imagining it.
The Myth: Eating at night makes you fat
Secret snackers rejoice! This is a complete myth. It doesn’t matter what time of day you eat, as long as you eat only the total calories that you burn each day, you will not gain weight. If you eat fewer calories than you burn, you will lose weight, and if you eat more calories, you will gain. It is as simple as that. Having said that, the routine of three meals a day at the same time each day can have other benefits in life (routine is good and it helps humans work more effectively), but snacks at night are no worse than snacks in the morning or afternoon.
The Myth: It is harder to lose weight than to gain weight
Actually – once you get your head around a new eating pattern, math and science are working in your favor. It is mathematically easier to lose than to gain. For example, if you eat 3,500 calories more than you burn, you will gain 0.3 pounds (0.14 kg), but if you burn 3,500 calories more than you eat, you will lose 1 pound (0.45 kg). Also, if you want to lose weight, you can expose yourself to significant changes in temperature which speeds up your metabolism. Finally, the above information is based on a pure fat diet – variations to the math occur when you introduce other types of food.
Contributor: JFrater
#114 Dole, Yes, your response is just as astute.
117. gabi319: Couldn’t agree with you more on the ADD/ADHD scenario.
I had 3 children in under 3 years (yeah, on purpose). When they’d be overly active in the classroom and the teacher would complain to me about their “hyperactivity”, I’d tell them that the children were just bored, and to give them more advanced work to do. It always worked.
119. cymraegbachgen87: I have to chuckle when parents disagree with proven scientific information – as if they know better than people devoting their lives to the study of the effects of sugar on children.
****
LOL! I completely agree. The reason I kept sweets from my young children was not because they would become “hyper” (I knew that was rubbish), but because I didn’t want them developing a taste for sweets before they developed a taste for the things that were good for them.
It worked, too! To this day they prefer broccoli to peas, fresh fruit to cake.
There was the chocolate espresso bean incident, but that was a mishap, and one we still laugh over.
Tony Dee – That makes more sense now. And as for the sounding bad bit – I’ve lost friends who are horrified by my habit of letting my son play in the dirt, sample the occasional dog biscuit and the household’s strict adherence to the ’10 second rule.’ Gross occasionally, but what kids aren’t?
cymraegbachgen87 – But the only people who are more often right than parents are customers! And MY child is special, none of the proven facts apply!
LOVE this list! Great info.
Though I have to disagree with the “bonus” entry.
It is indeed easier to eat 3500 calories than it is to burn 3500 calories.
Considering how many different kinds of back pain there are, you can’t really dismiss sleep as bad for all of them.
Even if a cancer can’t be cured it is a manageable illness now. With the right treatment a person can live much longer and enjoy life.
The water thing is to encourage people to drink water rather than a high calorie drink or one with caffeine It doesn’t have to be bottled. I fill a stainless steel container with tap water for an “on the go” drink
damn now i’m going to call my mother and tell her i so can eat midnight snacks and i’ll be totally alright.
geez all these years i’ve been told i can’t midnight snacks cause i’d get fatty fatty
Turkey does contain L-tryptophan, an essential amino acid with a documented sleep inducing effect. L-tryptophan is used in the body to produce the B-vitamin, niacin. Tryptophan also can be metabolized into serotonin and melatonin, neurotransmitters that exert a calming effect and regulates sleep.
Our bodies are made up of a good deal of water. It makes up on average 60 percent of our body weight. And it seems to enable our basic functions.
I’m so glad with #1
Whoo~eee!!
Rascalian @15 I totally agree with you. My friend always will say “stop popping your knuckles your going to get arthritis” I always proceed to tell her no I won’t that is just the sound of the gas bubble breaking. At this point she gets upset and says ” fine well just stop it then it annoying.”
People are stupid. That is why these illogical myths are ever believed.
Yeah…with #10, if you consume a lot of sugar, your blood glucose goes up, and we all know that hyperglycemia makes you what?
FATIGUED.
So actually quite the opposite occurs.
A funny list.
ad #5:
), and I won’t claim that teething and fever are statistically correlated over a significantly large group of children.
Having gone through teething with two kids I can say that at least with those two kids there was a clear correlation between teething and fever. I won’t say the teething caused the fever (or the fever caused the teething
Still, those two kids got fever every time the teethed.
m.
number 10 is not fully correct… if a child drinks a coke and eats 5 or six pixie sticks and a chocolate bar that kid will be bouncing off the walls…but that is the caffeine and i am sure that sugar has some type of effect due to the fact hummingbirds drink nectar to remain so hyper…Hummingbirds feed on the nectar of plants. Like bees, they are able to assess the amount of sugar in the nectar they eat; they reject flower types that produce nectar which is less than 15% sugar and prefer those whose sugar content is around 25%. With the exception of insects, hummingbirds while in flight have the highest metabolism of all animals, a necessity in order to support the rapid beating of their wings. Their heart rate can reach as high as 1,260 beats per minute. They also typically consume more than their own weight in nectar each day, and to do so they must visit hundreds of flowers daily. At any given moment, they are only hours away from starving…this makes me believe that sugar can lead to hyper activity…
I think number 6 and 7 are related. If you swallow bubblegum, then you will do popping sounds with your knuckles. It’s scientific.
Super hyperactivity is not bogus. I’ve heard of studies that link ADHD to prolonged levels of food coloring in a child’s diet.
I know a kid with ADHD.
With his aunt and grandad he doesn’t have it because they refuse just treat him like a naughty child.
they reufse to reat him differently**
sorry typo lol, well missed words
Just to clear up my own mistake: I said that if you take it easy, hopefully the joints of the back will realign in time. Obviously this was a rash mistake (and having a diploma in anatomy and physiology) can report that most back problems are due to inflammation of the ligaments or muscles, sometimes the joints and sometimes trapped nerves. Still, taking it easy can still help by letting the inflammation heal.
Silly me. It seems so long ago since I studied this stuff.
The sugar is psychological rather than medical because sugar is associated with rewards such as birthday parties and other events therefore, when children are “hyped up” it is due the the excitement of getting the sugar or being at the event. I think people have a hard time excepting number 10 is because they don’t like the phrase of “all in the parent’s head.”
The problem with myth number 1 – Eating at night makes you fat. The problem is it assumes everything else remains the same – you body burns the same amount of calories, you do the same amount of activity, and you eat the same amount of calories.
If you wait until just before you go to bed to eat, you’ll likely be hungrier and eat more. I’ve seen lots of places advise eating 6 small meals a day instead of 3 bigger meals – the idea is you will eat less, and you body metabolism will stay higher.
In reference to #5, I thought I had read somewhere that teething is so hard on a baby it weakens the immune system, thus opening the gates for any homeless virus looking for a host. This would explain why most teething babies get fevers. My daughters, without fail, always would have runny noses when they teethed. I agree with JFrater’s advice though, get the baby checked by the doc anyway.
Weight Gain
Increasing your exercise routine activity increases muscle mass which in turn demands more energy in order to feed it. The consequence is an initial weight loss in the feeding and building of existing muscle mass, however, as more muscle is built up … the more you will weigh … since muscle is heavier than fat (for the same volume). Anticipate an initial weight loss…but if your regimented….also expect an increase in weight. At this point in time, drop the scale and invest in a full leangth mirror.
#9 is just dumb. Unless you live in a warm country, you ARE normally fully clothed except for your head. So yes, normally you do lose most of your body through your head…
Well I have so much trouble losing weight, and I believed the myth about the weight. So I would eat all day and then stop eating after 6. Now I see why I wasn’t losing any weight. Thank you for the list. Jfrater, you might have just saved me from a huge weight gain.
you’re wrong, half of those “facts” are wrong, did you just come up with those off the top of your head? moron.
A close friend had a boy who was continually wild — and that’s not an exaggeration. He was the epitome of hyperactive, out-of-control snot.
Well, my friend and his wife did some investigation and wound up eliminating “red dye #5″ (I think that’s the one) from the boy’s diet. It’s found in many things kids like. What happened? Near-complete transformation. The boy is now much more calm and collected and nowhere near as destructive.
Whoops, it’s Red Dye #40.
Do you know how hard it is to burn 3,500 calories? Thats the hard part.
For 5, both my kids got teething fevers, right on schedule. It was funny talking to the nurse, who acknowledged the fevers were caused by teething and so nothing to worry about, but insisted in the next breath that there was no such thing as teething fever.
Number 10 has been well-explained: the universally observed hyperactivity is caused not by the sugar, but by the artificial colors that almost always accompany the sugar. Most of the artificial colors in use were grandfathered in when the FDA began regulating additives, and were therefore not obliged to pass any tests.
Number 1 and the “bonus” are typical of the substitution of trivial arithmetic for experimentation, pretending that living creatures are like bank accounts. Suffice to say that lots of things affect metabolic rate.
Lists of myths dispelled are a common source of new myths.
I wanna pop in and comment on the ADHD comments. To whoever believes it “doesn’t exist”…you are wrong. I do believe that it is overdiagnosed, and medication isn’t always the answer, but I worked for 6 years at summer camps/after school programs, and over the years we had a number of kids with ADHD. Even on their medication there were certain things we had to handle differently with them. For example discipline…where most kids we would have sit on a “time out” when they got into trouble, that didn’t work for the kids with ADHD, so instead we’d have them do pushups or run a lap around the building, and it worked quite well.
Also, I dealt with the same kids during school year as summer sometimes, and often parents would take their kids off meds during summer, and there was a significant difference in them during summer off their meds than how they acted during school on their meds.
153. DK: You’re right, of course, but the sad part is that far too many parents with normally active children, just didn’t want to deal with what is normal for a four year old, or an eight year old, or an eleven year old…which is very, very active! So a whole lot of children got misdiagnosed as having ADHD and were put onto meds so that Mommy and Daddy could have a less stressful life.
I’m sorry folks, but when you became parents, you signed on for whatever got dished out.
You’re the grown-ups, you’re supposed to handle it.
THE BABY IS ADORABLE!!!!
119. cymraegbachgen87
I never finished that biology degree but I still tend to side with facts rather than family anecdotes as grounds to refute a statement.
I like how you put the science behind the facts in your post.
123. segue
Hooray for you taking an aggressive and early approach to your kids’ eating habits! I’m a strong advocate of putting off junk food and fast foods. I know I’d be crazy mom to ban McD’s altogether, but I at least want to put it off a number of years until my (future) kids have established a strong dietary foundation not covered in grease and preservatives.
My goddaughter is 2 and a half and is already obsessed with her 8 am sodas and frequent mommy-and-me trips to Taco Bell. It’s not the sugar that’s the problem. It’s the junkfood obsession (she’s as giddy over a sippy cup of mountain dew as she is with a rubbery beef patty from McDonald’s). I’ve tried to give her apples and other fruits but she’ll kick and fuss until they hand her a bag of Skittles. The kid has more cavities in her 2 and a half year old mouth than I had my entire life.
Well, number one is definitely true, I think you misunderstood the myth, JFrater. When you sleep right after you eat, you wont burn any of the calories from the food, when you will burn some amount if you eat during the day or in the morning. So, eating at night will make you fatter. Its really simple. Im glad you put the bonus on there haha. Other than number one, this was a good list.
156. gabi319: gabi, I never, ever gave my kids fast food or soda or sugary cereal. I never brought candy or cookies into the house. They considered that normal. They ate sliced red or yellow bell peppers as a snack, or apples, or pomegranates.
My children never had a cavity or a weight problem. Now, as adults, they still prefer to eat the way I taught them, and my 2 year old granddaughter is being fed exactly as I fed her mother.
I was a very, very young mother, but I knew what was right. What you feed your children is what they become. I kept it pure and clean and free of additives and sugar. It was wholesome and they were never sick.
I’m glad you’re thinking ahead, gabi! Having a child is the biggest commitment you’ll ever make. There are no do-overs. You’ll be great!
Love the big googly eyes on that baby
I never did believe that one about knuckles! As an often-chastised knuckle-cracker, I feel kinda vindicated.
Someone appreciates my posts
:D:D yay! Thanks gabi!
Number 10 (kids & sugar) and number 8 (water consumption) are related. Give your kids minimal food and water, and you will have perfectly behaved children. I and my 12 siblings are living proof this works. ALL of us were A-one zombies during childhood because we were dirt poor & many’s the time I heard people say to my mother “They’re so good – how do you get them to be so quiet?” I don’t think she ever figured out it wasn’t her brilliant mothering that kept us so subdued – it was because none of us ever got enough to eat or drink. I don’t advocate this method of child control, and no blame to Mom, she did the best she knew how, but I wonder about the correlation? Any thoughts out there?
160. cymraegbachgen87
I laughed a little when I read that.
Thanks for appreciating my appreciation!
125. waty, 51. Higgs, and the oodles of others over the burning/eating calories…
Even with a sedentary lifestyle, the body burns between 1500-2000 calories a day to digest foods, to maintain core body temp and healthy organ function. The range is for wide to give account differences for individual’s energy needs (for example, pregnant women actually need 2500 calories) but this is a decent average. Yes, it is hard work to burn 3500 calories a day but it’s actually not impossible. It would require about four hours of moderate exercise – hitting the gym, walking the dog, climbing the stairs instead of taking the lift, walk more and sit less…
It feels easier to eat 3500 calories because of food choices. A big mac has nearly 800 calories, a large soda I’m guessing is approximately 200 and large fries is another 250…that’s 1250 calories in on meal! But if you took out the misguided notion of “saving time” by getting fast food and attempt the 3500 challenge with healthier choices like, oh say an apple… A moderate sized apple is about 100 calories. 350 apples in one day sounds excessive even for a foodathelete or whatever they are called. Gigantic salad entree with small amounts of homeade dressing would add up to probably 300 calories. Wheat bread sandwich with lean chicken and toppings maybe 300 calories. Homemade granola bars (too many storeboughts have excess sugar and fillers) depending on the size would be about 160 calories and fill you up longer than that Lo Mein at the corner Chinese take-out. …see where I’m getting at?
Attempt the US FDA food pyramid – 6 servings breads, 5 servings fruits (SERVINGS not types! That’s important!), 5 servings veggies, 2-3 of meats, 2-3 of dairies – A DAY. A friend of mind tried it and couldn’t eat all recommended servings because it was too much food. And I bet her day didn’t exceed more than 2400 calories. I’ve tried just the fruits and veggies challenge and I surrendered before dinner rolled around. I felt bloated and unaccomplished.
Ive been one of those people who could never gain weight. Im trying to eat 3000 to 3500 calories a day and it isnt easy. If youre going to gain weight eat a lot of meat and protein. Bodybuilders go for at 1-2 grams of protein per pound of body weight, which is *****ing crazy. But I swear, I loose weight when I eat junk food. Ive only been able to gain weight when I eat real food, like meat n potatoes.
Not all human bodies are alike, so I don’t think you can really say “it’s as simple as that!” about weight loss. For example, I have a sister who eats anything she wants (fast food, candy, cake, whatever) and never ever exercises. She weighs 105 pounds. She has always eaten more than I do, even when we were children. As a teenager, she was very underweight despite eating constantly.
I ride my bicycle more than 80 miles a week, in addition to strength training and aerobic dancing. I watch what I eat–sticking mostly to fresh fruits and veggies, whole grains, and lean chicken and fish–and I don’t have a big appetite to start with, so I eat small meals.
I am the same height as my sister, and I weigh 35 pounds more than she does. I’m not saying it isn’t possible to lose weight by eating less and getting more active; I’m just saying that human bodies differ, and things don’t work exactly the same way for everyone who has ever lived.
Where are Jemaine and Bret?
@gabi319
I appreciate (and agree with) your efforts to introduce a healthy diet to the masses who need one. But that doesn’t change the fact that I can sit on my ass and engulf 3500 calories without moving. EASILY. Now, what is it I have to do to BURN 3500 calories? … ow, that sounds hard.
166. waty
I am in no way forcing a new eating habit on anyone. If I were, I’d have an easier chance of success by preaching in front of the Burger King next to the gym rather than a comment list, right? :-p I’m just pointing out the math behind these calories and the logic behind . What you mention (and the passive-aggressive Kessie…I have no idea if that post was directed at me but I assume so since I was the one with the “simple as” blah blah blah) is personal preference and anecdotes. I wouldn’t use one single person as my definition of “average of x” or “range of y”.
Adding my own personal preferences…sitting on my ass not moving sounds hard! On occasion, I’ll pause the tv just so I can take care of some dishes or grab my sketchbook. Or burn the couch and head outdoors. I can’t put up with prolonged inactivity, haha.
163. Ryan
I have a friend in a similar situation. He has an incredibly high metabolism and is an extremely competitive swimmer. He’d eat an insane amount of food – some healthy, plenty not (his main objective was filling up not specifically on what…and besides, this was high school) but when competitions rolled around, he was burning way more than consuming. It was bad enough that his body was consuming muscle when it ran out of other energy sources. When that happened, he smelled BAD…
167. gabi319–
I am truly sorry I came off as passive-aggressive; I hadn’t actually read down as far as your comment. It’s the list itself that says “it’s as simple as that,” and that is what I was responding to. (I quote: as long as you eat only the total calories that you burn each day, you will not gain weight. If you eat fewer calories than you burn, you will lose weight, and if you eat more calories, you will gain. It is as simple as that. I don’t strongly disagree, but it struck me as a bit overly simplistic.)
I am absolutely all for healthy diets and abundant exercise. America needs that very badly right now. I just think people (not aimed at any one person, I swear) might sometimes simplify a bit too much. Human bodies are not mass-produced internal combustion engines. There is variation in the way our bodies handle the calories we consume. It’s why some people who live healthy lives get mocked for being too thin and others who live healthy lives get mocked for not being thin enough.
(And I’ll drop this now, because I’m perhaps a bit over-sensitive about it due to personal experience.)
These are scientific studies and those that are science grads understand what kind of validity these conclusions mean. I checked all of these out and bias in the outcome of any study was kept to a minimum. While I understand the importance of personal experience I must consider the source of said disagreement. Is the person disagreeing a medical doctor? Any kind of education at all? Like I said, personal experience should not be ignored but come on, my Mom swore up and down that my face would freeze if I kept up with my facial antics. Hasn’t happened yet although my trials are ongoing (lol).
Rite btw see this whole number 10 thing and all you mothers out there.
1. Get your god complex out of your head, Mother does not always know best (It even says its in your imagination and i concur)
2. My wee sister is generally a disobiedant C*w! and i could give her as much sweets as she wants or none for long periods of time and she would still be her normal hyperactive anoying self.
Ps. Just remeber mother doesnt always know best.
-S-
4got 2 say artificial colourings and flavourings cud be makin u kids hyper tho try giving them more natural *****.
Peace.
-S-
Great Article, I did not know about the turkey!
oh gabi, you average little thing with a wide range of mathmatical ability..:) I wish I had your energy. But, unfortunately, I don’t. Which is why I’m intractable on my stance that it is easier to eat 3500 calories than it is to burn 3500 calories. (
173. waty
hahaha, thanks. I needed a laugh right then.
We can both simply ‘shake hands’ and simultaneously say “Let’s agree to respect each others views, no matter how wrong yours may be.”
As a parent, I think it’s the additives and food colouring and not the sugar that makes my kids spin out. they can have a sweet breakfast of pancakes and maple syrup and not get spinny, but one piece of red candy and they are sick as hell
173. waty
got to agree with gabi319. Now to be fair my metabolism is fast as *****, but after doing hours of martial arts or wrestling (not only have I burned like a bizbillion calories) I am so tired I dont feel like eating. POW! simple way to stay skinny. Now putting weight on, thats something much harder. Sitting around all day sucks, I would much rather be playing some sort of sport
Nice list… I thought all of the list are facts but not!
Funny to read people “disagreeing” with items #1 and #10 but using completely different fact patterns and scenarios… morons.
what about the myth that getting a cold in caused by going out in the cold.
This list is great! The comments are too numerous to read but I did read the first one and I have to disagree with comment 1.
I have a child who has never been told that “sugar makes you hyper” or any similar type of comment and his energy level stays the same after sugar as it was before.
It is psychological on both the parents and the children’s part. If a child believes they now have an excuse to behave wildly they will!
Bottom line is with children we must be very careful about what we preach!
Re: Heat loss through the head
Of course we don’t lose heat from your head faster than anywhere else; the point is that we lose far more heat from your head than most people realize. Even taken with the military research, the point makes sense. We don’t tend to walk around completely naked very much (particularly in the outdoors), but many go without anything covering their heads. In this context, the old advice still makes plenty of sense: if you’re trying to keep warm in the cold, it’ll be much harder if you don’t cover your dome.