Top 10 Fastest Roller Coasters
- Published September 10, 2007 - 105 Comments
Everyone loves a thrill and one of the best ways to get this is on a roller coaster. Everyone has their own way of rating a roller coaster – number of inversions, longest drop, fastest, so rating them is a difficult task. That is the reason I have opted to go for speed as the measure of greatness. This is a list of the ten fastest roller coasters to date (September 2007).
10. Phantom’s Revenge – Kennywood, West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, USA
Top Speed: 82 mph / 131.9 km/h
In 2001, the Phantom’s Revenge was built to replace the Steel Phantom, which had consistently been ranked in the top five roller coasters in the world. It includes a 228 foot drop, subterranean tunnel, and reaches a maximum speed of 82 miles per hour. For the sake of tradition, some of the features of the Steel Phantom were retained, including the steel track. Replacing the loops and corkscrew, it now offers an array of hills and drops.
9. Goliath – Six Flags Magic Mountain, Valencia, California, USA
Top Speed: 85 mph / 136.7 km/h
Not only is the Goliath the 9th fastest roller coaster, but it also has the third highest drop and is the seventh tallest (standing at over 20 stories high). It includes a 255 foot drop, at 85 miles per hour, leading to a tunnel full of smoke. It also includes camel-like humps and an amazing bunny hop in which riders float off their seats due the force. It is recognized as one of the most entertaining roller coasters in the world.
8. Titan – Six Flags Over Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
Top Speed: 85 mph / 136.7 km/h
The Titan was built by the same Swiss designers that built the Goliath but includes extra twists. It has 5,280 feet of track, allowing for more drops, loops, and corkscrews. After dropping from the 255 foot hill, you are plunged in to a dark tunnel at the speed of 85 miles per hour. Titan includes a spiral that creates forces of up to 4.5gs.
7. Millennium Force – Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, USA
Top Speed: 93 mph / 149.7 km/h
Debuting in May, 2000, the Millennium Force is one of the highest roller coasters in the world. It boasts 10 world records. It rises to a height of 310 feet and travels through Cedar Point Park before crossing on to an island. During the trip you experience corkscrew turns in dark tunnels, 300 foot drops, and an 80 degree plummet down its highest point. The 2 minute 20 second ride covers 13 acres of track.
6. Steel Dragon 2000 – Nagashima Spa Land, Mie Prefecture, Japan
Top Speed: 95 mph / 152.9 km/h
Steel Dragon 2000 is the tallest coaster to utilize a traditional chain lift. Because of the length of the lift hill, two chains are used – one for the bottom half and one for the top half. A single chain would have been excessively long and heavy, at least twice the weight of one of the trains. As a result, two trains can safely occupy the lift simultaneously. It debuted only months after Millennium Force and surpassed the Cedar Point coaster as the world’s tallest complete-circuit coaster. It also set a record for longest track length – 8133 feet, 2 inches (2479 m).
5. Superman: The Escape – Six Flags Magic Mountain, Valencia, California, USA
Top Speed: 100 mph / 161 km/h
Superman: The Escape, is probably the most hair-raising of the coasters listed here. Instead of looping and twisting, the Escape is a straight track that rises to 41 stories in a matter of seconds and then, after pausing, drops back down. The ride is L-shaped and accelerates to 100 miles per hour (the first roller-coaster to reach that speed) in 7 seconds. The drop involves 6.5 seconds of weightlessness and when you drop, you drop backwards.
4. Tower of Terror – Dreamworld, Coomera, Queensland, Australia
Top Speed: 100 mph / 161 km/h
Tower Of Terror is a steel reverse freefall coaster. The six ton passenger vehicle, is electro-magnetically powered, accelerating its passengers rapidly to 160.9 km/h (100 mph) in seven seconds. The track then turns skyward, with the passengers pulling 4.5 G’s. The car climbs to almost 38 stories high. Following the climb, there is a 6.5 second free-fall before the 90 degree turn is executed in reverse. The vehicle then hurtles into the station where it comes to a rapid stop.
3. Dodonpa – Fuji-Q Highland, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
Top Speed: 106.9 mph / 172 km/h
Dodonpa opened in 2001 and is a steel sit-down roller coaster with a compressed air launch. It is 52 metres (170 feet) tall, and has a launch speed of 172 km/h (107 mph), which is reached in less than 2 seconds. The launch is followed by a huge, sweeping, overbanked curve, giving riders a chance to catch their breath back, before they hit the 170 foot top hat; an element with some extreme negative G forces. The name ‘Dodonpa’ comes from the musical sound which is played to customers waiting to board it.
2. Top Thrill Dragster – Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, USA
Top Speed: 120 mph / 193 km/h
Top Thrill Dragster was the first “Strata Coaster,” loosely defined as a complete circuit coaster that is 400 to 499 feet tall. It was the last one to use lapbars instead of over-the-shoulder restraints due to mechanical problems. Shortly after reaching its maximum velocity in less than four seconds, the train begins its ascent up a 90-degree incline that has a 90-degree counter-clockwise twist that takes the train straight over the top of the 420 foot hill, where riders will experience significant airtime (zero g-forces). On the way down the other side, there is a 270-degree clockwise twist that leads into the magnetic braking section that brings the train to a swift but comfortable stop.
1. Kingda Ka – Six Flags Great Adventure, Jackson Township, New Jersey, USA
Top Speed: 128 mph / 206 km/h
Kingda Ka is not just the fastest, but also the tallest roller coaster in the world. A hydraulic launch mechanism rockets the train from 0 to 128 miles per hour (206 km/h) in 3.5 seconds, pulling about 1.67 g’s. At the end of the launch track, the train climbs the main tower, twisting 90 degrees to the right before reaching a height of 456 feet (139.5 m). The train then descends 418 feet (127 m) straight down through a 270-degree spiral. Finally, the train climbs the second, 129 foot hill, producing a moment of weightlessness before being smoothly brought to a stop by the magnetic brakes. Due to the high speed and open nature of the trains, this ride will not operate in even light rain, as rider contact with rain drops can cause discomfort.
Sources: Askmen, Wikipedia
Technorati Tags: rollercoasters, Travel
Have your say... [Read me first | Top of page, comments]
You must be logged in to post a comment.





















September 10th, 2007 at 6:03 am
ah Cedar Point, fun times
September 10th, 2007 at 10:24 am
Awesome, I recently went on a trip to New Jersey and road on the Kingda Ka. I had no idea it was the fastest in the world, but yeah what a rush it was!
September 10th, 2007 at 11:40 am
I remember the Steel Phantom when it was first built at being clocked at up to 96 mph. They were force to slow it down some because the triple loops after the second drop were too dangerous at those speeds.
September 10th, 2007 at 11:43 am
I rode the Tower of Terror in Dreamworld two years ago, it was just insane. My reaction was kind of like this:
*car starts* AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA*car kinda slows down at the top* AAAAAAH!! huh?…
*car goes backwards* AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA*car stops*AAAAAAAH!!!!!!
Hahaha, good times.
September 10th, 2007 at 11:46 am
I am envious of you all for having been on these rides – as yet I have not been on one
September 10th, 2007 at 2:33 pm
So, numbers 4 and 5 are the same, but for some unused space at the top of number 5, eh? “This one goes to eleven.”
September 10th, 2007 at 2:47 pm
Jason – they are different coasters but made by the same company – some lists don’t count them separately – I did
September 10th, 2007 at 4:55 pm
Number 1 looks completley insane!
September 10th, 2007 at 9:13 pm
I have been on Millenium force and on Top Speed, thanks to my dad who is the most complete adrenaline junkie, and will run from one end of the park to the next 5 minutes before it closes just to catch one more ride. We waited over 2 hours in line to ride Top Speed, and the ride lasted maybe 30 seconds. BUT IT WAS SO WORTH IT. thanks jfrater great list!!!!
September 10th, 2007 at 9:45 pm
I live in Columbus so I’ve been to Cedar Point tons of times. It’s awesome… Millenium is sweet. Dragster is cool but breaks down all the time and isn’t really worth waiting in like 4 hours for a 12 second ride. Cool though
September 10th, 2007 at 11:36 pm
Bethany: wow – it must be really popular if you have to wait that long!
Hannah: you are welcome!
September 11th, 2007 at 9:10 pm
I love roller coasters! According to Kennywood’s Phantom’s Revenge Fact Sheet , the Phantom’s Revenge also reaches 85 mph, which should put it in a three way tie for eighth place. (It should get bonus points for probably being the only roller coaster on the list with lines that are usually less than an hour long, and sometimes a good deal less!)
(I’m not sure I put the link in correctly, apologies if not.)
September 12th, 2007 at 9:20 am
I used to work at Six Flags New England, and while they are very proud of Superman (different from the one listed here) but EVERYONE talks about Kingda Ka. I didn’t realize how…exciting it was until I read this though!
September 12th, 2007 at 9:22 am
Mathilda: linked perfectly
Kelsi: Did you ride the superman?
September 12th, 2007 at 3:36 pm
Also a fun fact about the kingda ka – it doesn’t always make it to the top lol. According to the warning signs posted everywhere around it, there’s a 1 in 50 chance it won’t make it; in which case brakes activate and slowly bring the train back to the starting position.
September 20th, 2007 at 4:50 pm
i would love to go on number 1 but my mom said no bc her cuz died in a hanted house fire in six flags new jeresy. we only live 2 hours from it tho so im thinkin about going to cedar point or cali…
September 20th, 2007 at 10:22 pm
mistere: interesting – thanks for mentioning that.
jen: how awful! At least you live close enough to some of the others that you won’t miss out on the fun entirely
September 24th, 2007 at 1:57 pm
the number 9 pic of Goliath is the one in GA not CA dumbass
October 7th, 2007 at 2:10 pm
I have been on both from Cedar Point. The wait isn’t that bad if you pick the right days to go. When I go the longest line I wait in is about 30 mins. Kingda Ka is the same as Top Thrill Dragster just a little high which means it needs to be a little faster to go over the peak (but not much faster) and it has the minor hill on the return (I presume to help with the slowing down).
October 11th, 2007 at 1:24 am
I’ve been on Kingda Ka, and the scariest part of the whole expirience is that when you’re standing in line there are signs up saying that it is normal for the car to not make it over the hill on the first try. They have normal roll back procedures, then the car will attempt to launch again. I actually watched some of the roll backs on youtube, and boy would I love to be in one of the cars that didn’t make it over!!
October 15th, 2007 at 4:03 am
I would love to go on the Tower of Terror, but all my friends tell me when they went on it, it scared them so much, so I’m not sure how I’d go….
October 15th, 2007 at 4:05 am
Alex: If you don’t try you will never know
Just get on, hold tight, and close your eyes if you have to!
October 21st, 2007 at 5:26 pm
Cedar Point is the best amusment park in the world out beating disney world 38% to 8%. Six Flags Copyed Cedar Points Top Thrill Dragster and the Millennium should be #1 but instead its #2 isnt that saddd. Ive ridden both Top Thrill Dragster and Millennium Force thousands of times and there both good ive only ridden Kingda Ka once and you cant tell the difference, so i think kingda ka sux!
October 21st, 2007 at 5:35 pm
I love Cedar Point and go every year. It is absolutely the best of all the parks I have been to.
October 23rd, 2007 at 10:25 pm
This is a message for Alex
I have been to Dreamworld every year for the past 4 years. The Tower of Terror is AWESOME you will love it!! I took my 7 year old on it last year and she had a ball she loves all the fast rides. The SCARIEST ride in the park is DEFINATELY The Giant Oil Drop It is Around 400 Feet and your in the air for a good minute without knowing when you will fall I get butterflies in my tummy every time and Ive been on it at least 8 times but the view is unreal. The Tower of Terror actually runs up the side of the Giant Oil Drop but it goes up and straight down so you don’t notice the height as much. So go out there and have some FUN you’ll love it!!
December 20th, 2007 at 7:59 pm
I live very near Six Flags in Arlington and have been on the Titan. I must say, when I rode it, I didn’t think it was that great! It’s one of those really new roller coasters, so it’s really smooth. We also have one of the tallest roller coasters, called “The Texas Giant”. Now THAT’S a rollercoaster. When you’re on the top of it you can see the entire DFW metroplex, or so it seems anyway. If a rollercoaster is not made of wood it doesn’t feel bumpy enough for me sometimes.
December 25th, 2007 at 9:47 pm
Yay! I got slightly green just reading the list, and I thought I *liked* rollercoasters!
December 29th, 2007 at 5:01 pm
I lived near fort worth and arlington too like miss ali, but i thought the titan was pretty fun but i have to agree wit her the texas giant is a great coaster!
January 12th, 2008 at 8:51 am
what about rita queen of speed?? in alton towers that goes 0 to 100mph, that should be up there
January 17th, 2008 at 5:47 am
Needless to say,u americans sure do like a great rollercoaster!! I’m too chicken to actually go for a ride on one,that and the fact that not a single one exists in my country,but hopefully one day I’ll try.But whenever i think of rollercoasters i think of an episode of CSI…wont get into the gory details to scare u guys!! otherwise,great list,as usual:-)
January 17th, 2008 at 6:13 am
Now I really want to go to New Jersey!! haha
February 7th, 2008 at 9:43 pm
kingda ka was my first roller coaster ever! it was great though, and that moment of weightlessness is actually at the top of the tower if i remember correctly… i could be mistaken though as i was terrified the total 3.5 second duration of the ride
February 10th, 2008 at 3:38 pm
Kingda Ka is a blatantly ripoff of Top Thrill Dragster.
February 14th, 2008 at 1:02 am
ah new jersey. its great living here. i only live about 90 minutes from six flags and even though kingda ka is the fastest, hands down medusa is still my favorite.
March 19th, 2008 at 7:58 pm
I live in Columbus, too, so I’ve been to Cedar Point at least four or five times… I’ve only been on Millenium force, though, mostly since I can’t ever find anyone to tackle the Dragster with me… Ah, well…
April 4th, 2008 at 6:02 pm
The Kingda ka is the best roller coaster ever!!!
April 10th, 2008 at 7:30 am
I live in St. Louis, we just got Superman about two years ago. I think its a little diffrent from the one listed. Its scary because each seat drops at diffrent times. You see everyone around you screaming and falling…then its your turn!!!! Good Stuff!
April 25th, 2008 at 1:29 am
i fink the the kinda ka iz the best rollercoaster and gotta be the scarest 1 their
May 7th, 2008 at 1:41 pm
they mixed up the pictures of goliath and the titan on this page
May 10th, 2008 at 11:22 am
whooaah,
i hope i can go to these places
May 13th, 2008 at 7:56 am
di is cool
June 2nd, 2008 at 7:41 pm
the goliath is amazing.
its really fast and if your front row the first hill is like whoa!
good times good times.
June 6th, 2008 at 1:45 pm
goliath it da BESST! omg it was my 1st roller coaster and definietly my favorite…btw they didnt mix ^ the pics, u can c acrofobya in da b/g, && dats in the same park.
July 23rd, 2008 at 1:11 am
well i am doing the fastest roller coasters this term and this has really helped
August 4th, 2008 at 11:29 pm
this is only for the u.s. there’s a ride called rita queen of speed in a theme park called alton towers in england. It goes 100 mph in 2.5 seconds.
August 9th, 2008 at 10:38 am
I LOVE top thrill dragster… millennium force is amazing too! the dragster was my first roller coaster ever!
August 10th, 2008 at 11:33 am
wow, im going to six flags new england tomorrow, and i thought super man there was scary!
August 10th, 2008 at 11:52 am
Woot! Kingda Ka! Such a great ride, if you haven’t been on it and have the chance, do it!
August 10th, 2008 at 11:53 am
And Rita at Alton Towers goes 100 kph in 2.5 seconds. That’s about 60mph in the States. Rita’s cool, but it’s really not that fast.
August 23rd, 2008 at 3:57 pm
Ive been on Top thrill dragster it is soo amazing and so fast u guys haft to try it out!
September 4th, 2008 at 12:48 pm
All I can say is that I will never ever experience any of those. And I’m okay with that.
September 14th, 2008 at 6:33 pm
kingdaka, AMAZING. (: kaycool
September 26th, 2008 at 7:57 pm
I’ve been on 9 and 1. Happy that I live by the park 1 is in.
September 27th, 2008 at 6:54 am
I’ve rode numbers 2 & 7 and will hopefully someday ride all the rest. Thanks for the list.
October 2nd, 2008 at 4:55 pm
que lindo too yo me fui en el tower of the terror casi me mori jaja
October 23rd, 2008 at 10:51 am
these all look well good
November 2nd, 2008 at 10:45 am
holy crap i had no clue that kennywood’s phanton’s revenge was on the top ten.
November 6th, 2008 at 3:28 am
thorpe park is the best theme park ever
December 3rd, 2008 at 3:14 pm
I love Six Flags Magic Mountain. I live in Nothern Califonia and all the amusement parks here are terrible. Six Flags has some of the best rides in California. Superman is one of my all time favorite rides, short, but sweet and it sounds like a jet taking off. Goliath isn’t half bad either, although it’s just fast….no loops or anything which can make it a bit boring for those wanting more thrills (Also Goliath is the #8 picture, not #9). Kingda Ka I have seen, but the one time I ever visited the East Coast in my life and happen to go to Six Flags New Jersey, the damn thing was closed!!!
December 11th, 2008 at 1:40 pm
these are bad @$$ coaster but im just a kid i know a lot about them #10 is bad @$$ it kicked my @$$ alot
January 29th, 2009 at 8:33 am
rita queen of speed only goes 100kmh which is about 60mph, stealth is fastest in uk at 80mph same format as kingda ka and top thrill, i have been on them all, kingda ka and top thrill piss it, id say kinda ka is slightly better as you get the second hill after the main drop which gives some more air time, as with the top thrill its just a straight run home, i live in the uk and no coaster in the uk comes close, in any way, shape, or form, when it comes to kingda ka and top thrill, they are the daddys, for years to come im sure, nice list, man.
January 30th, 2009 at 4:57 pm
stop
February 2nd, 2009 at 9:35 am
listen guys, all these rides are technically ’suckish’ and a ride that I would aproove of would be from http://www.sixflags.com or http://www.knotts.com or http://www.freewebs.com/apictureisworthathousandwords rocks!
February 7th, 2009 at 9:21 am
Let see been on Millennium but my butt will never get on the dragster
February 7th, 2009 at 4:23 pm
omg i have ridden all of these bad ass rides and holy shit! i nearly died on the top thrill dragstar. and my mind is still recovering from the Kingda ka!
February 15th, 2009 at 2:51 am
The tower of terror is 1 of 2 rides that run on that frame the other one is called the giant drop
February 15th, 2009 at 2:52 am
Go to http://www.dreamworld.com.au
February 16th, 2009 at 2:58 am
the rides r shit da best ride is robben a metro hahaha
February 16th, 2009 at 2:59 am
now thats wa i cal a rush crusen at 120 on a back road hahah beat da suckers
February 25th, 2009 at 2:42 am
That Dodonpa one looks terrifying lol
The most adventurous I get is the Kraken at SeaWorld Florida.
March 5th, 2009 at 1:22 pm
I just got back from ceader point. it was awesome. It was so unbusy that we could get of a roler coster and run right back on without waiting 1second. We went on all the rides atleast 2 or more times in only 4 hours. It was a blast.
March 5th, 2009 at 1:46 pm
I have been to Kennywood, Ceder Point and Six Flags. Love them all. I am about to sign up for the Roller Coaster Club that goes to all of the amusment parks in the US and they get special treatment and free stuff. Cost to join is around $1500 (US). Worth it for a coaster nut like me!
Fun Facts: Ceder Point has been labled as the roller coaster capital of the world and for the Dodonpa – Fuji-Q Highland in Japan…the 1st person to ride it waited in line for 9 months.
March 21st, 2009 at 9:32 am
i have heard that these rides r prety scary
April 17th, 2009 at 3:53 am
I live in England, and to be honest our rides here SUCK lol compared to these pics. I would so love to come over to the US and go on all these rides.I should be hopefully coimng over in the next year or so. so could anyone let know the best places to go or stay? many thanks
April 23rd, 2009 at 8:51 pm
74. monkle…Sandusky, OH. Cedar Point. You can get the feel of all the best rides at this one park. What they have at other parks, they have here. It’s not called the “Roller Coaster Capital of the World” for nothing.
May 12th, 2009 at 8:33 pm
behhh…what a crazy coaster i’ve ever known. Sekate-kate…i think i won’t ride one of them even their ticket is free.
May 30th, 2009 at 7:32 am
wtf numbers 2 and 1 are the same fucking coaster
May 30th, 2009 at 11:44 pm
I’ve never been on any of these.
I was going to ride the Titan, but it was closed because of the rain or something. :/
May 30th, 2009 at 11:49 pm
tetzlaff~!@!# :
Well, in case you haven’t noticed, four of these are at a Six Flags.
:S
June 3rd, 2009 at 9:43 pm
@Gigih Wiraga….Haha. Your comment implied that you don’t have any money. Lol.
June 9th, 2009 at 1:55 pm
sick
June 17th, 2009 at 6:23 pm
awesome
June 24th, 2009 at 2:27 am
Thanks For sharing about Fastest Roller Coasters. I like most Fuji Q Highlands Theme Park in Japan because various rides for kids in Thomas land. Have a wonderful experience in Fuji Q Highlands Theme Park. Enjoy the Fujiyama ride, this ride has a height of 230feet at a 65 degree angle. Looks very dangerous. For more details about refer http://www.journeyidea.com/fuji-q-highlands-theme-park-in-japan/.
June 24th, 2009 at 1:58 pm
Dude u ppl r lucky u gt da bst coasters im 4rm south afRica bt honestly our ridez rnt dat bad lyk a gold reef city we also have a tower of terror wich goes down at a 95° angle so it goes down lyk this / basicly itz nt bd itz a mine shaft structure then the anaconda wich is gr8 bt al time favorite iz the miners revenge it spins u in 2 directions lyk letz say there iz a mechanism dat spins u 4ward bt linkd 2 that 1 is 1 spining u bkwards wyl being sprayed wit water
June 25th, 2009 at 4:51 am
These rydz look terifyn
June 30th, 2009 at 8:41 pm
i went it was honestly scary but i went in about 4 times.it rocks man!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
July 9th, 2009 at 2:45 pm
uh guys i got news for you goliath is in Six Flags over Atlanta; Atlanta Georgia United States. please change that error
July 14th, 2009 at 5:51 pm
ok this has been bugging me……. #9 is NOT goliath, its titan and #8 IS goliath because i went to six flags last week and i went on goliath.i just wanted to point that out
July 15th, 2009 at 12:56 pm
u missed out pepsi max big one which is in backpool pleasure beach and goes at 88mph u dumb ass
July 27th, 2009 at 3:54 pm
Xcelerator goes 82 mph
July 28th, 2009 at 10:51 am
kigda ka is one amazing rollercoaster if u ever get the chance to ride it do it!!!!
August 6th, 2009 at 8:56 am
u missed the teacups in wibsey fair.. gees man that ride is harsh!
August 17th, 2009 at 5:12 pm
ahh ill die if i get on those
November 24th, 2009 at 3:57 pm
@Nathenial (84): learn to type please!
December 7th, 2009 at 7:55 am
I’ve only been on Kingda Ka. I hate it. there is no point. It lasts about 10 seconds. Horrible ride.
December 14th, 2009 at 8:01 am
@Katie (64):
December 14th, 2009 at 8:02 am
@Michelle (78):
December 14th, 2009 at 8:04 am
@Michelle (78): @Bethany (what’s crackin mami
December 14th, 2009 at 8:05 am
@Michelle (78): i thought six flags was closed for about a year
December 19th, 2009 at 6:39 pm
my favorite is Dodonpa?
December 23rd, 2009 at 4:32 pm
I have been on kingda ka,it took 3.5 seconds to ride the whole thing.It was AWEOME!!!!!!!!!!I didn’t see anything because we were going so fast,128mph AAAAHHHHHHH!!!!!!!
December 29th, 2009 at 5:39 am
I haven’t been on any of these rides and I’m not planning to xD
I’m a scardey cat when it comes to rollercoasters :O
I went on this one called Speed in Oakwood Theme park in Wales (I think)
xO I nearly died, though it was great fun
January 13th, 2010 at 3:24 am
@devilishgrin66 (34): I’m glad someone else loves Medusa! My favorite roller coaster.
Then again, I’ve been on none of these…
February 13th, 2010 at 10:18 am
I rode the kingda ka and it was amazing! i LOVE rollercoasters;)
March 13th, 2010 at 8:26 am
I haven’t been on 10 or 4… but I do live close enough to Pennsylvania to change one of those. Now if I just ever take the time out to go to Australia, I’ll be set.